PLCC-2 Amber LED Datasheet - Phosphor Converted Amber - 120° Viewing Angle - 3.0V @ 20mA - Automotive Grade

1. Product Overview

This document details the specifications for a high-reliability, surface-mount LED in a PLCC-2 package. The device emits a Phosphor Converted Amber (PCA) light, offering a typical luminous intensity of 900 millicandelas (mcd) when driven at a forward current of 20 milliamperes (mA). Its primary design focus is on automotive interior applications, where consistent performance, long-term reliability, and compliance with stringent industry standards are paramount.

The LED features a wide 120-degree viewing angle, making it suitable for applications requiring even illumination over a broad area, such as backlighting for switches and instrument clusters. It is qualified to the AEC-Q102 standard for discrete optoelectronic semiconductors in automotive applications, ensuring it meets rigorous quality and reliability requirements for use in vehicles. Furthermore, the product complies with environmental directives including RoHS, REACH, and halogen-free specifications, aligning with modern manufacturing and ecological standards.

2. In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis

2.1 Photometric and Electrical Characteristics

The core operational parameters are defined under typical conditions of a 20mA forward current (I_F) and an ambient temperature of 25°C. The forward voltage (V_F) typically measures 3.0 volts, with a specified range from 2.5V (min) to 3.5V (max). This parameter is crucial for designing the driving circuitry and ensuring stable power delivery.

The primary photometric output is the luminous intensity (I_V), with a typical value of 900 mcd. The minimum and maximum limits for this specific part are 560 mcd and 1400 mcd, respectively. It is important to note the measurement tolerance for luminous flux is ±8%. The dominant chromaticity coordinates (CIE x, y) are specified as (0.56, 0.42) with a tight tolerance of ±0.005, ensuring consistent amber color output across production batches.

2.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings and Thermal Management

Operating the device beyond these limits may cause permanent damage. The absolute maximum continuous forward current is 30 mA, with a maximum power dissipation of 75 mW. For short pulses (t ≤ 10 µs, duty cycle D=0.005), the device can withstand a surge current (I_FM) of up to 250 mA. The junction temperature (T_J) must not exceed 125°C, with an operating temperature range (T_opr) of -40°C to +110°C.

Thermal management is critical for LED performance and longevity. The datasheet specifies two thermal resistance values: a real thermal resistance (R_{th JS real}) of 160 K/W max and an electrical thermal resistance (R_{th JS el}) of 120 K/W max. These values represent the thermal impedance from the semiconductor junction to the solder point, guiding heatsink design. The forward current derating curve clearly shows that the maximum allowable continuous current must be reduced as the solder pad temperature increases, dropping to 27 mA at 110°C.

3. Binning System Explanation

To manage production variations, LEDs are sorted into bins based on key parameters. Understanding this system is essential for design consistency.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

The luminous intensity is binned using an alphanumeric code system spanning from L1 (11.2-14 mcd) up to GA (18000-22400 mcd). For this specific part number (65-11-PA0200H-AM), the possible output bins are highlighted and fall within the V1 (710-900 mcd) and V2 (900-1120 mcd) ranges, with the typical value of 900 mcd sitting at the boundary.

3.2 Chromaticity and Forward Voltage Binning

The Phosphor Converted Amber color is defined within specific regions on the CIE chromaticity diagram. The provided bin structure shows coordinates for codes like 8285, 8588, and 8891, which define the allowable color space for the amber emission. The forward voltage is also binned with codes like 2527 (2.50-2.75V), 2730 (2.75-3.00V), and 3032 (3.00-3.25V), measured at I_F=20mA. The typical 3.0V value falls within the 2730 bin.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet includes several graphs depicting the relationship between electrical, thermal, and optical parameters.

4.1 Electrical and Optical Relationships

The Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage graph shows the classic exponential diode characteristic. The Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current curve is nearly linear up to the typical 20mA point, indicating stable efficiency within the normal operating range. The Chromaticity Coordinates Shift vs. Forward Current graph demonstrates minimal change in color (both Δx and Δy are very small) with varying current, which is desirable for stable color output.

4.2 Temperature Dependence

Temperature significantly affects LED performance. The Relative Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature curve shows a negative temperature coefficient, with V_F decreasing linearly as temperature increases. This property can sometimes be used for temperature sensing. Conversely, the Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Junction Temperature curve shows a clear decline in light output as temperature rises, a phenomenon known as thermal droop. Effective thermal design is therefore critical to maintain brightness. The Chromaticity Coordinates Shift vs. Junction Temperature graph indicates a more pronounced color shift with temperature compared to current variation, which must be considered in high-precision color applications.

4.3 Spectral and Radiation Patterns

The Wavelength Characteristics graph shows the relative spectral power distribution of the phosphor-converted amber light, typically featuring a broad peak in the yellow-amber region. The Typical Diagram Characteristics of Radiation illustrates the spatial intensity distribution, confirming the wide 120° viewing angle where intensity drops to half of its peak value at ±60° off-axis.

5. Mechanical, Assembly, and Packaging Information

5.1 Physical Dimensions and Polarity

The component is housed in a standard PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) surface-mount package. The mechanical drawing provides precise dimensions for the body length, width, height, and lead spacing. The cathode is typically identified by a visual marker such as a notch or a dot on the package, or a chamfered corner, which is clearly indicated in the drawing. Correct orientation during assembly is vital.

5.2 Soldering and Reflow Guidelines

A recommended solder pad layout (land pattern) is provided to ensure reliable solder joint formation and proper mechanical stability. The device is rated for reflow soldering with a peak temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 30 seconds, as per the provided reflow soldering profile graph. This profile defines the critical zones: preheat, soak, reflow (with time above liquidus), and cooling. Adherence to this profile prevents thermal damage to the LED package and internal die.

5.3 Packaging and Handling

The LEDs are supplied on tape and reel for compatibility with automated pick-and-place assembly equipment. Packaging information details the reel dimensions, tape width, pocket spacing, and orientation of components on the tape. The Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) is rated at 3, meaning the package can be exposed to factory floor conditions (≤ 30°C / 60% RH) for up to 168 hours before requiring baking. Proper handling per IPC/JEDEC standards is recommended to avoid moisture-induced damage during reflow.

6. Application Notes and Design Considerations

6.1 Primary Application Scenarios

This LED is explicitly designed for Automotive Interior Lighting. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Backlighting for Switches and Controls: Gear selectors, window switches, climate control panels.
• Instrument Cluster Illumination: Backlighting for gauges and warning indicators.
• General Ambient Lighting: Footwell lights, cupholder illumination, and other cabin accent lighting.

6.2 Circuit Design and Precautions

As with all LEDs, current regulation is mandatory; the device should be driven by a constant current source, not a constant voltage source, to ensure stable light output and prevent thermal runaway. A series current-limiting resistor is the simplest method when using a voltage supply. The driver circuit must respect the absolute maximum ratings, including the reverse voltage limitation (the device is not designed for reverse operation).

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection measures should be implemented during handling and assembly, as the device has an ESD sensitivity of 8kV (Human Body Model). The datasheet also includes specific Precautions for Use and Sulfur Test Criteria, highlighting potential failure modes in harsh environments containing corrosive gases like hydrogen sulfide, which can attack silver-plated leads. This is particularly relevant for automotive applications where such environments may be encountered.

7. Technical Comparison and Market Context

Compared to non-automotive grade LEDs, this device's key differentiators are its AEC-Q102 qualification, extended operating temperature range (-40°C to +110°C), and enhanced reliability testing for automotive environments. The Phosphor Converted Amber technology offers a more consistent and saturated color compared to some traditional amber chip LEDs, with better tolerance to drive current and temperature variations. The PLCC-2 package provides a good balance between a compact footprint and improved thermal performance over smaller packages like 0402 or 0603, due to its larger thermal pad area.

8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is the difference between real and electrical thermal resistance (R_{th JS})?

A: The electrical R_th is calculated from the temperature-sensitive electrical parameter (the forward voltage), while the real R_th might be measured with a physical sensor. The electrical value is often lower; designers should use the more conservative (higher) real R_th value of 160 K/W for worst-case thermal design.

Q: Can I drive this LED at 30mA continuously?

A: While 30mA is the absolute maximum rating, continuous operation at this current is not recommended. Refer to the forward current derating curve. At an elevated solder pad temperature (e.g., 80°C), the maximum allowable continuous current is significantly lower than 30mA. Design for the typical 20mA or lower to ensure longevity and reliability.

Q: How do I interpret the luminous intensity bin code for ordering?

A> The part number 65-11-PA0200H-AM specifies a particular bin combination. To request a different intensity or color bin, you would need to consult the ordering information or contact the supplier for the specific suffix codes that correspond to the desired V1, V2, or other bins within the product family.

9. Design-in Case Study

Consider designing backlighting for an automotive center console switch panel. The design requires uniform, low-glare illumination across multiple buttons. Using this PLCC-2 amber LED, the wide 120° viewing angle helps spread light evenly under a diffuser. A constant-current driver circuit is designed to supply 18mA (slightly below the 20mA typical) to each LED, providing a safety margin and reducing junction temperature. Thermal analysis of the PCB layout ensures the solder pad temperature remains below 85°C in the worst-case ambient cabin temperature (70°C), keeping the LEDs within the derated current limits. The AEC-Q102 qualification provides confidence in the component's ability to withstand automotive vibration and temperature cycling.

10. Technology Principle and Trends

Principle: This is a Phosphor Converted LED. It likely uses a blue or near-UV semiconductor die. A portion of the primary light is absorbed by a ceramic or silicone-based phosphor layer, which re-emits light at longer wavelengths. The combination of the remaining primary light and the phosphor-converted light results in the perceived amber color. This method often provides better color consistency and stability than using a direct-emitting amber semiconductor material.

Trends: The automotive lighting market continues to demand higher reliability, greater efficiency (lumens per watt), and miniaturization. There is a trend towards higher integration, such as LEDs with built-in drivers or control ICs. Furthermore, the push for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles is increasing the use of LEDs for interior sensing applications (e.g., driver monitoring), which may drive requirements for specific spectral outputs or modulation capabilities. Environmental compliance (RoHS, REACH, halogen-free) remains a strong and non-negotiable trend across the industry.