1608-SR0100M-AM PLCC-2 Super Red LED Datasheet - Size 1.6x0.8mm - Voltage 2.1V - Power 0.05W - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

The 1608-SR0100M-AM is a high-performance, surface-mount Super Red LED in a compact PLCC-2 package. Designed primarily for automotive interior lighting applications, it offers a balance of brightness, reliability, and efficiency. Its key positioning lies in meeting stringent automotive-grade requirements while providing consistent optical performance in a miniaturized footprint.

The core advantages of this component include its qualification to the AEC-Q102 standard for discrete optoelectronic devices, ensuring reliability under harsh automotive environmental conditions. It also features a wide 120-degree viewing angle, making it suitable for applications requiring broad illumination. Furthermore, the product complies with RoHS, REACH, and halogen-free regulations, aligning with global environmental and safety standards.

The target market is firmly within the automotive electronics sector, specifically for interior ambient lighting, indicator lights, and backlighting for switches and displays. Its specifications make it a suitable choice for designers requiring a robust, compact, and bright red light source.

2. In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis

2.1 Photometric and Electrical Characteristics

The primary photometric characteristic is the luminous intensity (Iv). Under a typical forward current (IF) of 10 mA, the LED delivers 210 millicandelas (mcd), with a minimum of 150 mcd and a maximum of 330 mcd. The forward voltage (VF) at this current is typically 2.1 volts, ranging from 1.5V to 2.5V. This relatively low voltage contributes to lower power dissipation. The dominant wavelength (λd) is centered at 630 nm (Super Red), with a range from 624 nm to 639 nm, defining its color purity.

2.2 Thermal and Absolute Maximum Ratings

Thermal management is critical for LED longevity. The junction-to-solder thermal resistance is specified as 150 K/W (real) and 120 K/W (electrical). The absolute maximum ratings define the operational boundaries: a maximum forward current of 20 mA, a maximum power dissipation of 50 mW, and an operating temperature range from -40°C to +110°C. The maximum junction temperature is 125°C. Exceeding these limits can cause permanent damage. The device can withstand a surge current of 50 mA for pulses ≤10 μs. It is important to note that this LED is not designed for reverse voltage operation.

2.3 Reliability and Compliance Specifications

The device is rated for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) sensitivity of 2 kV (Human Body Model), which is a standard level for handling precautions. It has a Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) of 3, indicating it must be baked if exposed to ambient conditions for more than 168 hours before soldering. The corrosion robustness is classified as B1, and it is qualified under the AEC-Q102 standard, which is a key differentiator for automotive applications.

3. Binning System Explanation

To ensure consistency in mass production, LEDs are sorted into bins based on key parameters.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

The luminous intensity is binned using a two-character code (e.g., SX, SY, SZ). The first letter (Q, R, S, T, U, V, A, B) represents a group with increasing intensity ranges. The second letter (X, Y, Z) further subdivides each group. For the 1608-SR0100M-AM, the typical bin falls within the 'S' group, specifically the SX, SY, or SZ bins, corresponding to intensity ranges of 180-210 mcd, 210-240 mcd, and 240-280 mcd, respectively. A tolerance of ±8% applies to luminous flux measurements.

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

The dominant wavelength is binned using a four-digit code (e.g., 2730, 3033). These codes correspond to specific nanometer ranges. For this Super Red LED, the relevant bins are centered around 630 nm. The typical bin for this part is 2730 (627-630 nm) or 3033 (630-633 nm). The manufacturing tolerance for dominant wavelength is ±1 nm.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage is binned using a four-digit code (e.g., 2022, 2225). The typical forward voltage of 2.1V for this LED places it in the 2022 bin (2.00V - 2.25V) or potentially the 2225 bin (2.25V - 2.50V). This binning helps in circuit design for current regulation.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

4.1 IV Curve and Relative Luminous Intensity

The Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage graph shows a characteristic exponential relationship. The voltage increases gradually with current. The Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current graph is nearly linear in the typical operating range (2-20 mA), indicating good efficiency. Driving the LED beyond 20 mA is not recommended as it exceeds the absolute maximum rating.

4.2 Temperature Dependence

The Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Junction Temperature graph shows that light output decreases as temperature increases. At the maximum junction temperature of 125°C, the relative intensity is approximately 40-50% of its value at 25°C. This thermal quenching effect is typical for LEDs and must be accounted for in thermal design. The Relative Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature graph shows a negative coefficient, with voltage dropping linearly as temperature rises, which can be used for temperature sensing.

4.3 Spectral Distribution and Wavelength Shift

The Wavelength Characteristics graph shows a narrow peak around 630 nm, confirming the Super Red color. The Relative Wavelength Shift vs. Junction Temperature graph indicates that the dominant wavelength increases slightly (red-shifts) with rising temperature, a common phenomenon in semiconductor light sources.

4.4 Derating and Pulse Handling

The Forward Current Derating Curve is crucial for design. It shows that the maximum permissible continuous forward current must be reduced as the solder pad temperature increases. At the maximum operating ambient temperature (with a pad temp of 110°C), the current must not exceed 20 mA. The Permissible Pulse Handling Capability chart allows for higher peak currents (up to 60 mA) under pulsed conditions with low duty cycles, useful for multiplexing or blinking applications.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Physical Dimensions

The LED is housed in a standard PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) package. The package dimensions are 1.6 mm in length, 0.8 mm in width, and approximately 0.6 mm in height (typical for this package type, though the exact height should be confirmed from the dimension drawing). The component has two terminals (anode and cathode).

5.2 Recommended Soldering Pad Layout and Polarity

A recommended land pattern (soldering pad) is provided to ensure proper solder joint formation and mechanical stability during reflow. The pad design accounts for the component's footprint and helps prevent tombstoning. Polarity is indicated by a marking on the package, typically a notch or a dot near the cathode. Correct orientation is essential for circuit operation.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

6.1 Reflow Soldering Profile

The datasheet specifies a reflow soldering temperature of 260°C maximum for 30 seconds. This refers to the peak temperature measured on the package body or leads. A standard reflow profile with preheat, soak, reflow, and cooling stages should be followed. The MSL rating of 3 mandates that if the moisture barrier bag is opened, the components must be soldered within 168 hours of factory floor conditions or be baked according to IPC/JEDEC standards.

6.2 Precautions for Use and Storage

General precautions include avoiding mechanical stress on the LED lens, preventing contamination, and using appropriate handling techniques to avoid ESD damage. Storage should be in a dry, dark environment within the specified temperature range of -40°C to +110°C. The sulfur test criteria indicate the product's resistance to sulfur-containing atmospheres, which is important for certain automotive or industrial environments.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

The LEDs are supplied on tape and reel for automated assembly. Standard reel quantities are typically 4000 or 5000 pieces, but this can vary. The part number 1608-SR0100M-AM follows a logical structure: \"1608\" denotes the package size (1.6x0.8mm), \"SR\" indicates Super Red, \"01\" relates to luminous intensity bin, \"00\" relates to wavelength bin, \"M\" may indicate a forward voltage bin or other feature, and \"AM\" signifies automotive grade. Ordering specific bins requires consulting the full binning tables and specifying the exact codes.

8. Application Recommendations

8.1 Typical Application Scenarios

The primary application is automotive interior lighting. This includes dashboard backlighting, ambient footwell lighting, center console illumination, switch backlighting, and indicator lights for various controls. Its wide viewing angle makes it suitable for area lighting where uniform appearance is desired.

8.2 Design Considerations

When designing with this LED, consider current limiting. A series resistor or constant current driver is mandatory to prevent exceeding the maximum forward current, especially considering the negative temperature coefficient of Vf. Thermal design is critical; ensure the PCB layout provides adequate thermal relief and that the operating ambient temperature does not force derating below the required luminous output. For PWM dimming, ensure the frequency is high enough (typically >100 Hz) to avoid visible flicker.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to standard non-automotive PLCC-2 LEDs, the key differentiator of the 1608-SR0100M-AM is its AEC-Q102 qualification, which involves rigorous testing for temperature cycling, humidity, high-temperature operation life, and other stressors. Its corrosion robustness (Class B1) and sulfur resistance are also enhanced for automotive environments. The typical luminous intensity of 210 mcd is competitive for its package size and current consumption.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q: What is the recommended operating current?
A: The typical operating current is 10 mA, providing a good balance of brightness and efficiency. It can be operated from 2 mA (minimum) up to 20 mA (absolute maximum).

Q: How does temperature affect brightness?
A: Brightness decreases with increasing junction temperature. At 125°C, output may be around half of the 25°C value. Proper heat sinking is essential for maintaining consistent performance.

Q: Can I drive this LED with a 3.3V or 5V supply?
A: Yes, but you must use a series current-limiting resistor. For example, with a 5V supply and a target current of 10 mA, and a typical Vf of 2.1V, the resistor value would be R = (5V - 2.1V) / 0.01A = 290 Ohms. A 300 Ohm resistor would be a suitable standard value.

Q: Is this LED suitable for exterior automotive applications?
A: The datasheet specifies application as \"Automotive Interior lighting.\" For exterior use, factors like higher moisture ingress protection (IP rating), wider temperature extremes, and different optical requirements would need to be verified with the manufacturer for a specific exterior-grade product.

11. Practical Design and Usage Case

Case: Dashboard Button Backlighting
A designer is creating a dashboard control panel with 10 backlit buttons. Each button requires a single Super Red LED for illumination. Using the 1608-SR0100M-AM at 10 mA each, the total current draw would be 100 mA. A simple design uses a 12V automotive rail. A current-limiting resistor is needed for each LED. The resistor value is calculated as (12V - 2.1V) / 0.01A = 990 Ohms. A 1 kΩ, 1/8W resistor is chosen. The LEDs are placed on a PCB behind translucent buttons. The wide 120° viewing angle ensures even illumination across the button surface. Thermal analysis confirms that in the enclosed dashboard environment, the junction temperature remains well below the maximum rating due to the low total power dissipation (approx. 0.21W for all 10 LEDs).

12. Operating Principle Introduction

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current passes through them. This phenomenon is called electroluminescence. In a red LED like the 1608-SR0100M-AM, the semiconductor material (typically based on Aluminum Gallium Arsenide - AlGaAs) has a specific bandgap energy. When electrons recombine with electron holes within the device, energy is released in the form of photons (light particles). The wavelength (color) of the emitted light is determined by the energy of the bandgap; a larger bandgap produces shorter wavelength (bluer) light. The PLCC-2 package houses the semiconductor chip, provides electrical connections via two leads, and includes a molded plastic lens that shapes the light output to achieve the specified 120-degree viewing angle.

13. Technology Trends and Developments

The trend in automotive LED lighting continues towards higher efficiency (more lumens per watt), enabling lower power consumption and reduced thermal load. Miniaturization is also key, with packages like 1608 (1.6x0.8mm) and even smaller becoming more common to allow for sleeker designs. Integration is another trend, with multi-chip packages or LEDs combined with drivers and sensors in a single module. For color-specific LEDs like Super Red, improvements in phosphor technology (if used) or epitaxial growth techniques lead to tighter wavelength bins and improved color consistency over temperature and lifetime, which is critical for applications where color matching is important across multiple light sources.