SMD LED 19-223 Datasheet - Package 2.0x1.25x0.8mm - Voltage 2.0V - Power 60mW - Brilliant Yellow / Yellow Green - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

The 19-223 is a compact, surface-mount LED designed for high-density PCB applications. It is available in two distinct colors: Brilliant Yellow (Y2) and Yellow Green (G6), both utilizing AlGaInP chip technology. This component is characterized by its small footprint, lightweight construction, and compatibility with automated assembly processes, making it an ideal choice for space-constrained and miniature electronic devices.

1.1 Core Advantages

The primary advantage of the 19-223 LED is its significant size reduction compared to traditional lead-frame LEDs. This enables smaller printed circuit board designs, higher component packing density, reduced storage requirements, and ultimately contributes to the miniaturization of the final equipment. Its lightweight nature further enhances its suitability for portable and compact applications.

1.2 Target Market and Applications

This LED is targeted at applications requiring reliable, low-power indicator or backlighting functions. Typical application areas include dashboard and switch backlighting in automotive interiors, status indicators and keypad backlighting in telecommunication devices such as telephones and fax machines, flat backlighting for LCD panels and symbols, and general-purpose indicator use across various consumer and industrial electronics.

2. Technical Specifications Deep Dive

This section provides a detailed, objective analysis of the key technical parameters specified in the datasheet.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The device is rated for a maximum reverse voltage (V_R) of 5V. The continuous forward current (I_F) for both color codes is 25 mA. A peak forward current (I_FP) of 60 mA is permissible under pulsed conditions with a duty cycle of 1/10 at 1 kHz. The maximum power dissipation (P_d) is 60 mW. The device can withstand an electrostatic discharge (ESD) of 2000V (Human Body Model). The operating temperature range is from -40°C to +85°C, with a storage temperature range of -40°C to +90°C.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

All measurements are specified at an ambient temperature (T_a) of 25°C and a forward current (I_F) of 20 mA.

• Luminous Intensity (I_v): For the Y2 (Brilliant Yellow), the typical luminous intensity ranges from 36.0 mcd to 72.0 mcd. For the G6 (Yellow Green), the range is from 28.5 mcd to 57.0 mcd.
• Viewing Angle (2θ_1/2): The typical viewing angle for both types is 130 degrees.
• Wavelength: The Y2 has a typical peak wavelength (λ_p) of 591 nm and a dominant wavelength (λ_d) range of 585.5 nm to 594.5 nm. The G6 has a typical peak wavelength of 575 nm and a dominant wavelength range of 567.5 nm to 575.5 nm.
• Forward Voltage (V_F): The forward voltage for both Y2 and G6 is typically 2.0V, with a range from 1.7V to 2.4V.
• Reverse Current (I_R): The maximum reverse current at V_R=5V is 10 µA for both codes.

2.3 Tolerances and Notes

The datasheet specifies key tolerances: Luminous Intensity tolerance is ±11%, Dominant Wavelength tolerance is ±1 nm, and Forward Voltage tolerance is ±0.10V. These tolerances are critical for design consistency and must be accounted for in circuit design and optical system planning.

3. Binning System Explanation

The LEDs are sorted into bins based on luminous intensity and dominant wavelength to ensure color and brightness consistency within a production batch.

3.1 Y2 (Brilliant Yellow) Binning

Luminous Intensity Bins: N2 (36.0-45.0 mcd), P1 (45.0-57.0 mcd), P2 (57.0-72.0 mcd).
Dominant Wavelength Bins: D3 (585.5-588.5 nm), D4 (588.5-591.5 nm), D5 (591.5-594.5 nm).

3.2 G6 (Yellow Green) Binning

Luminous Intensity Bins: N1 (28.5-36.0 mcd), N2 (36.0-45.0 mcd), P1 (45.0-57.0 mcd).
Dominant Wavelength Bins: C15 (567.5-569.5 nm), C16 (569.5-571.5 nm), C17 (571.5-573.5 nm), C18 (573.5-575.5 nm).

This binning allows designers to select LEDs with specific performance characteristics for applications where color matching or precise brightness levels are required.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet includes typical characteristic curves which provide insight into device behavior under varying conditions.

4.1 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

This curve shows how light output increases with forward current. It is typically non-linear, and operating significantly above the recommended 20mA may lead to reduced efficiency and accelerated aging.

4.2 Forward Current Derating Curve

This graph illustrates the maximum allowable forward current as a function of ambient temperature. As temperature increases, the maximum permissible current decreases to prevent thermal damage. This is a critical consideration for designs operating in high-temperature environments.

3. Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current

This IV curve shows the relationship between voltage and current. The forward voltage has a positive temperature coefficient, meaning it decreases slightly as temperature rises.

4.4 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

This curve demonstrates the temperature dependence of light output. Luminous intensity typically decreases as ambient temperature rises, which must be factored into designs where consistent brightness is needed across a wide temperature range.

4.5 Spectrum Distribution

The spectral distribution plots for Y2 and G6 show the relative intensity across wavelengths. The Y2 spectrum is centered around 591 nm (yellow), while the G6 is centered around 575 nm (yellow-green). The spectral bandwidth (Δλ) is approximately 15 nm for Y2 and 20 nm for G6.

4.6 Radiation Diagram

The radiation pattern shows the angular distribution of light intensity, confirming the 130-degree viewing angle. The pattern is typically Lambertian or near-Lambertian for this type of LED.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The 19-223 LED has a compact SMD package. Key dimensions (in mm) include a body length of 2.0, a width of 1.25, and a height of 0.8. The terminal spacing is 1.6 mm. All tolerances are ±0.1 mm unless otherwise specified. A suggested pad layout is provided for PCB design reference, but designers are advised to modify it based on their specific assembly process and thermal requirements.

5.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is typically indicated by a marking on the package or a chamfered corner. Consult the package dimension drawing for the exact polarity identification feature.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

6.1 Reflow Soldering Parameters

The device is compatible with infrared and vapor phase reflow processes. For Pb-free soldering, the recommended temperature profile includes a pre-heating stage between 150°C and 200°C for 60-120 seconds, a time above liquidus (217°C) of 60-150 seconds, and a peak temperature of 260°C for a maximum of 10 seconds. The maximum heating rate should be 3°C/sec, and the maximum cooling rate 6°C/sec. Reflow soldering should not be performed more than two times.

6.2 Hand Soldering

If hand soldering is necessary, the soldering iron tip temperature must be below 350°C, and contact time per terminal should not exceed 3 seconds. A low-power iron (≤25W) is recommended. Allow a minimum interval of 2 seconds between soldering each terminal to prevent thermal stress.

6.3 Storage and Moisture Sensitivity

The LEDs are packaged in a moisture-resistant bag with desiccant. Before opening, they should be stored at ≤30°C and ≤90% RH. After opening, the \"floor life\" is 1 year under conditions of ≤30°C and ≤60% RH. Unused components should be resealed in a moisture-proof package. If the desiccant indicator has changed color or the storage time is exceeded, a baking treatment at 60±5°C for 24 hours is required before use to prevent \"popcorning\" during reflow.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

7.1 Reel and Tape Specifications

The components are supplied on 8mm wide carrier tape wound on a 7-inch diameter reel. Each reel contains 2000 pieces. Detailed dimensions for the carrier tape pockets and the reel are provided in the datasheet.

7.2 Label Explanation

The reel label contains several codes: CPN (Customer's Part Number), P/N (Product Number), QTY (Packing Quantity), CAT (Luminous Intensity Rank/Bin), HUE (Chromaticity Coordinates & Dominant Wavelength Rank/Bin), REF (Forward Voltage Rank), and LOT No (Lot Number for traceability).

8. Application Suggestions and Design Considerations

8.1 Current Limiting

Critical: An external current-limiting resistor must always be used in series with the LED. The forward voltage has a narrow range and a slight increase in supply voltage can cause a large, potentially destructive increase in forward current due to the diode's exponential I-V characteristic.

8.2 Thermal Management

Although low-power, proper PCB layout can aid in heat dissipation. Ensure adequate copper area connected to the LED pads, especially for applications with high ambient temperatures or continuous operation. Adhere to the forward current derating curve.

8.3 Optical Design

The wide 130-degree viewing angle makes it suitable for applications requiring broad illumination. For more directed light, secondary optics (lenses) may be required. Consider the binning codes if color or intensity matching between multiple LEDs is necessary.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 19-223 differentiates itself through its combination of AlGaInP technology (offering high brightness and saturated colors in the yellow spectrum), a very compact 2.0x1.25mm footprint, and compliance with modern environmental standards (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free). Compared to larger through-hole LEDs, it enables significant space savings and automation compatibility. Its specific wavelength bins for yellow and yellow-green provide more precise color options than broader-bin LEDs.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

Q: What resistor value should I use for a 5V supply?
A: Using Ohm's Law (R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F) and typical values (V_F=2.0V, I_F=20mA), R = (5 - 2) / 0.02 = 150 Ω. Use a standard 150 Ω resistor. Always calculate for the minimum V_F to ensure current does not exceed maximum ratings.

Q: Can I drive this LED with a PWM signal for dimming?
A: Yes, PWM is an effective dimming method. Ensure the peak current in the pulse does not exceed the absolute maximum rating of 60 mA (for pulses meeting the duty cycle specification). The frequency should be high enough to avoid visible flicker (typically >100 Hz).

Q: How does temperature affect brightness?
A: Luminous intensity decreases as junction temperature increases. Refer to the \"Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature\" curve. For consistent brightness, manage thermal conditions and consider using a constant-current driver instead of a constant-voltage source with a resistor.

11. Practical Design and Usage Case

Case: Dashboard Switch Backlighting. A designer is creating a dashboard control panel with multiple illuminated switches. They choose the 19-223/Y2 for its brilliant yellow color and small size, allowing it to fit behind each switch cap. They design a PCB with a common 12V rail. For each LED, they calculate a series resistor: R = (12V - 2.0V) / 0.02A = 500 Ω. They select a 510 Ω standard resistor. They specify the CAT (brightness) and HUE (wavelength) bins from their supplier to ensure uniform color and brightness across all switches in the panel. During assembly, they follow the recommended reflow profile to ensure reliable solder joints without damaging the LEDs.

12. Technology Principle Introduction

The 19-223 LED is based on AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) semiconductor material. This material system is particularly efficient at producing light in the red, orange, yellow, and yellow-green regions of the visible spectrum. When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons and holes recombine, releasing energy in the form of photons. The specific composition of the AlGaInP layers determines the bandgap energy and thus the wavelength (color) of the emitted light. The \"Water Clear\" resin lens minimizes light absorption and allows for high light extraction efficiency.

13. Industry Trends

The trend in indicator and small-area backlighting LEDs continues toward further miniaturization, increased efficiency (lumens per watt), and higher reliability. There is also a strong drive for broader adoption of environmentally friendly materials, including halogen-free compounds and enhanced recyclability. Integration of driver circuitry or protection features within the LED package itself is another area of development, though for simple indicators like the 19-223, the discrete component approach remains cost-effective and flexible. The demand for precise color consistency (tight binning) is increasing in applications where brand identity or user experience depends on uniform lighting.