513S YGD/S530-E2 LED Lamp Datasheet - Super Yellow - 140° Viewing Angle - 2.4V Forward Voltage - 60mW Power Dissipation - English Technical Document

1. Product Overview

The 513S YGD/S530-E2 is a high-brightness LED lamp designed for general-purpose indicator and backlighting applications. It utilizes an AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) semiconductor chip to produce a Super Yellow light output. The device features a green diffused resin lens which helps to broaden the viewing angle and soften the light appearance. This LED is characterized by its reliability, robustness, and compliance with major environmental regulations including RoHS, REACH, and Halogen-Free standards.

1.1 Core Advantages and Target Market

The primary advantages of this LED series include a choice of various viewing angles to suit different application needs and availability on tape and reel for automated assembly processes. Its design prioritizes higher brightness output. The target applications are primarily in consumer electronics, including use as status indicators or backlighting elements in television sets, computer monitors, telephones, and other computing devices.

2. Technical Parameter Deep-Dive

This section provides a detailed, objective analysis of the LED's key technical specifications as defined in its absolute maximum ratings and electro-optical characteristics.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The Absolute Maximum Ratings define the limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. These are not operating conditions.

• Continuous Forward Current (IF): 25 mA. Exceeding this current can cause catastrophic failure due to overheating of the semiconductor junction.
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Human Body Model: 2000 V. This rating indicates a moderate level of ESD sensitivity. Proper ESD handling procedures are required during assembly.
• Reverse Voltage (VR): 5 V. Applying a reverse voltage higher than this can break down the LED's P-N junction.
• Power Dissipation (Pd): 60 mW. This is the maximum power the package can dissipate under specified conditions, linked to the forward current and voltage.
• Operating & Storage Temperature: -40°C to +85°C (Operating), -40°C to +100°C (Storage). The device is suitable for a wide range of environmental conditions.
• Soldering Temperature: 260°C for 5 seconds. This defines the peak temperature tolerance for wave or reflow soldering processes.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters are measured under typical test conditions (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA unless noted) and define the device's performance.

• Luminous Intensity (Iv): Typical value is 12.5 mcd, with a minimum of 6.3 mcd. There is no specified maximum, indicating binning for intensity. Measurement uncertainty is ±10%.
• Viewing Angle (2θ1/2): 140 degrees (typical). This wide viewing angle is a result of the diffused lens, making the LED suitable for applications where visibility from multiple angles is important.
• Peak Wavelength (λp): 575 nm (typical). This is the wavelength at which the emitted optical power is maximum.
• Dominant Wavelength (λd): 573 nm (typical). This is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye, defining the "Super Yellow" color. Measurement uncertainty is ±1.0 nm.
• Forward Voltage (VF): Typical 2.0 V, Maximum 2.4 V at 20mA. This low forward voltage is characteristic of AlGaInP technology. Measurement uncertainty is ±0.1V.
• Reverse Current (IR): Maximum 10 µA at VR=5V. A low reverse leakage current is desirable.

3. Binning System Explanation

The datasheet references a binning system for key parameters, though specific bin code tables are not provided in the excerpt. The label explanation mentions ranks for Luminous Intensity (CAT), Dominant Wavelength (HUE), and Forward Voltage (REF). This implies that production units are sorted into different categories or "bins" based on measured performance to ensure consistency within a specific order. Designers should consult the manufacturer for detailed binning specifications when tight color or intensity matching is required across multiple LEDs.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet includes several typical characteristic curves which are crucial for understanding device behavior under non-standard conditions.

4.1 Relative Intensity vs. Wavelength

This curve shows the spectral power distribution. For a Super Yellow AlGaInP LED, the spectrum is relatively narrow compared to white LEDs, centered around 573-575 nm. The spectrum radiation bandwidth (Δλ) is typically 20 nm.

4.2 Directivity Pattern

This polar plot illustrates the 140-degree viewing angle, showing how light intensity decreases from the center (0°). The diffused lens creates a smooth, wide emission pattern.

4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This graph is essential for circuit design. It shows the non-linear relationship between current and voltage. The LED begins to conduct significantly around its turn-on voltage (~1.8-2.0V for AlGaInP). Drivers should use constant current, not constant voltage, to ensure stable light output.

4.4 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current

This curve demonstrates that light output (intensity) increases with forward current, but not linearly across the entire range. Efficiency may drop at very high currents due to increased heat.

4.5 Temperature Dependence Curves

Relative Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature: LED light output typically decreases as ambient temperature rises. This curve quantifies that derating, which is critical for designing reliable systems in hot environments.
Forward Current vs. Ambient Temperature: This may show how the I-V characteristic shifts with temperature. The forward voltage typically decreases with increasing temperature for LEDs.

5. Mechanical and Package Information

5.1 Package Dimension Drawing

The LED is in a standard 3mm round (T-1) radial leaded package. Key dimensions from the drawing include the lead spacing, body diameter, and overall height. Critical notes specify that all dimensions are in millimeters, the flange height must be less than 1.5mm, and the general tolerance is ±0.25mm unless otherwise stated. Designers must adhere to these dimensions for proper PCB footprint design.

5.2 Polarity Identification

For radial leaded LEDs, the cathode is typically identified by a flat spot on the lens rim, a shorter lead, or other marking. The specific identification method should be cross-referenced with the dimensional drawing. Correct polarity is essential for operation.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

Proper handling is critical to prevent damage and ensure long-term reliability.

6.1 Lead Forming

• Bend leads at a point at least 3mm from the epoxy bulb base.
• Perform forming before soldering.
• Avoid stressing the package; stress can crack the epoxy or damage internal bonds.
• Cut leads at room temperature.
• Ensure PCB holes align perfectly with LED leads to avoid mounting stress.

6.2 Storage Conditions

• Store at ≤30°C and ≤70% Relative Humidity after receipt.
• Shelf life is 3 months under these conditions. For longer storage (up to 1 year), use a sealed container with nitrogen and desiccant.
• Avoid rapid temperature changes in humid environments to prevent condensation.

6.3 Soldering Process

General Rule: Maintain a minimum distance of 3mm from the solder joint to the epoxy bulb.
Hand Soldering: Iron tip temperature max 300°C (for 30W max iron), soldering time max 3 seconds.
Wave/Dip Soldering: Preheat max 100°C for 60 sec max. Solder bath temperature max 260°C for 5 seconds max.
Profile: A recommended soldering profile graph is provided, emphasizing controlled ramp-up, a defined peak temperature/time, and a controlled cool-down. A rapid cool-down process is not recommended.
Important: Avoid stress on leads during high temperature. Do not solder (dip/hand) more than once. Protect the LED from shock/vibration until it cools to room temperature after soldering.

6.4 Cleaning

• If necessary, clean only with isopropyl alcohol at room temperature for ≤1 minute.
• Do not use ultrasonic cleaning routinely. If absolutely required, pre-qualify the process (power, duration) to ensure no damage occurs.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

7.1 Packing Specification

The LEDs are packed in moisture-resistant, anti-static materials. The packing hierarchy is:
1. Anti-static bag: Contains 200 to 500 pieces.
2. Inner box: Contains 6 bags.
3. Outside carton: Contains 10 boxes.
Therefore, a full carton contains a minimum of 200 pcs/bag * 6 bags/box * 10 boxes/carton = 12,000 pieces.

7.2 Label Explanation

Labels on the packaging include:
- CPN: Customer's Production Number
- P/N: Manufacturer's Part Number (e.g., 513S YGD/S530-E2)
- QTY: Quantity in the package
- CAT, HUE, REF: Binning codes for Luminous Intensity, Dominant Wavelength, and Forward Voltage, respectively.
- LOT No: Traceable manufacturing lot number.

8. Application Suggestions

8.1 Typical Application Scenarios

• Status Indicators: Power on/off, mode selection, or fault signaling in TVs, monitors, telephones, and computers.
• Backlighting: Illuminating small legends, symbols, or panels in consumer electronic devices.
• General Purpose Indication: Any application requiring a highly visible, reliable yellow indicator light.

8.2 Design Considerations

• Current Limiting: Always use a series resistor or constant current driver to limit the forward current to a safe value (e.g., 20mA for typical operation, below the 25mA absolute max).
• Heat Management: While this is a low-power device, the datasheet explicitly states that heat management must be considered during design. The current should be de-rated appropriately at high ambient temperatures. Refer to the "Relative Intensity vs. Ambient Temp" curve.
• ESD Protection: Implement ESD protection on PCBs or during handling, as the device has a 2000V HBM rating.
• Optical Design: The 140° diffused viewing angle provides wide visibility but lower axial intensity. For directed light, a secondary optic may be needed.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to older technology yellow LEDs (e.g., based on GaAsP), this AlGaInP-based LED offers significantly higher brightness and efficiency. The "Super Yellow" designation often implies a more saturated, pure yellow color. The wide 140-degree viewing angle due to the diffused lens differentiates it from clear lens LEDs which have a narrower beam. Its compliance with RoHS, REACH, and Halogen-Free standards makes it suitable for modern global markets with strict environmental requirements.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

10.1 What resistor value should I use with a 5V supply?

Using Ohm's Law: R = (V_supply - Vf_led) / I_led. For a typical Vf of 2.0V at 20mA: R = (5V - 2.0V) / 0.020A = 150 Ohms. Use the maximum Vf (2.4V) to calculate the minimum safe resistor value: R_min = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ohms. A standard 150Ω resistor is a good choice, providing ~20mA at typical Vf and slightly less at max Vf, which is safe.

10.2 Can I drive this LED at its maximum continuous current of 25mA?

While you can operate it at 25mA, it is at the absolute limit. For improved longevity and reliability, especially at elevated ambient temperatures, it is strongly advised to operate at or below the typical test current of 20mA. Always consider thermal derating.

10.3 Why is the storage humidity condition important?

Plastic packages like this LED can absorb moisture from the air. During the high-temperature soldering process, this trapped moisture can rapidly expand, causing internal delamination or "popcorning" which cracks the package and destroys the device. The storage conditions and shelf life limits are designed to prevent excessive moisture absorption.

11. Practical Use Case Example

Scenario: Designing a status indicator panel for a network router.
The panel has 4 LEDs indicating Power, Internet, Wi-Fi, and Ethernet activity. The designer chooses the 513S YGD/S530-E2 for its high brightness and wide viewing angle, ensuring the status is visible from across a room. A PCB is designed with 2.54mm (0.1") spaced holes matching the LED's lead spacing. A current-limiting resistor of 180Ω is placed in series with each LED on a 3.3V board supply rail, resulting in a forward current of approximately (3.3V - 2.0V)/180Ω ≈ 7.2mA, which is sufficient for indication while maximizing LED life and minimizing power consumption. The assembly instructions specify wave soldering according to the 260°C for 5s profile.

12. Technology Principle Introduction

This LED is based on AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) semiconductor material grown on a substrate. When a forward voltage is applied, electrons and holes recombine in the active region of the P-N junction, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly corresponds to the wavelength of light emitted—in this case, yellow (~573-575 nm). The green diffused epoxy resin lens serves two purposes: 1) It encapsulates and protects the fragile semiconductor chip and wire bonds, and 2) The diffusing particles within the resin scatter the light, broadening the emission angle from the chip's native pattern to the specified 140 degrees.

13. Industry Trends and Developments

While this is a mature through-hole LED product, the broader LED industry trends still influence its context. There is a continuous drive towards higher efficiency (more lumens per watt) and improved color consistency across production batches. The environmental compliance standards (RoHS, REACH, Halogen-Free) highlighted in this datasheet have become baseline requirements. The market for such indicator LEDs remains stable in legacy and cost-sensitive applications, though surface-mount device (SMD) LEDs are increasingly dominant in new designs due to their smaller size and suitability for automated pick-and-place assembly. The principles of proper thermal management, current driving, and ESD protection remain universally critical across all LED technologies.