Top View LED 67-21 Series Technical Data Sheet - Package 2.0x1.25x1.1mm - Forward Voltage 1.75-2.35V - Brilliant Orange Color - English

1. Product Overview

The 67-21 series represents a family of surface-mount Top View LEDs designed for indicator and backlighting applications. This specific variant features a brilliant orange color emitted from an AlGaInP chip. The device is housed in a compact P-LCC-2 package with a white body and a colorless clear window, which contributes to its wide viewing angle characteristics. A key design feature is the integrated inter-reflector within the package, which optimizes light coupling efficiency. This makes the LED particularly suitable for use with light pipes, a common requirement in modern electronic device design. The low forward current requirement further enhances its appeal for battery-powered or power-sensitive portable equipment.

1.1 Core Advantages and Target Market

The primary advantages of this LED series include its suitability for automated assembly processes, compatibility with common soldering techniques (vapor-phase, infrared reflow, and wave soldering), and its availability on tape and reel for high-volume production. It is a Pb-free product compliant with RoHS directives. The target markets are diverse, encompassing automotive interiors (e.g., dashboard and switch backlighting), telecommunications equipment (e.g., indicators on phones and fax machines), general switch and symbol illumination, flat backlighting for LCDs, and general-purpose indicator applications where reliable, consistent light output is required.

2. In-Depth Technical Parameter Analysis

The performance of the LED is defined by a comprehensive set of electrical, optical, and thermal parameters measured under standard conditions (Ta=25°C).

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the stress limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. They are not intended for continuous operation. Key limits include a reverse voltage (V_R) of 12V, a continuous forward current (I_F) of 25mA, and a peak forward current (I_FP) of 60mA under pulsed conditions (1/10 duty cycle at 1kHz). The maximum power dissipation (P_d) is 60mW. The device is rated for operation from -40°C to +85°C and can withstand an electrostatic discharge (ESD) of 2000V (Human Body Model). Soldering temperature profiles are critical: reflow soldering at 260°C for a maximum of 10 seconds, or hand soldering at 350°C for a maximum of 3 seconds.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

Under a standard test current of 20mA, the device exhibits typical performance. The luminous intensity (I_V) ranges from a minimum of 90 mcd to a maximum of 225 mcd. The viewing angle (2θ_1/2), defined as the angle where intensity drops to half its peak value, is typically 120 degrees, confirming its wide-angle emission. The dominant wavelength (λ_d), which defines the perceived color, is specified between 600.5 nm and 612.5 nm for this brilliant orange variant, with a typical peak wavelength (λ_p) around 611 nm. The spectral bandwidth (Δλ) is approximately 15 nm. The forward voltage (V_F) at 20mA ranges from 1.75V to 2.35V, while the reverse current (I_R) at 12V is 10 μA maximum.

3. Binning System Explanation

To ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are sorted into bins based on key parameters.

3.1 Dominant Wavelength Binning

The dominant wavelength is categorized into four groups (Bin Codes D8, D9, D10, D11). Each bin covers a 3nm range, from D8 (600.5-603.5nm) to D11 (609.5-612.5nm). A tolerance of ±1nm is applied.

3.2 Luminous Intensity Binning

The luminous intensity is sorted into four bins: Q2 (90-112 mcd), R1 (112-140 mcd), R2 (140-180 mcd), and S1 (180-225 mcd). A tolerance of ±11% is noted for intensity.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

The forward voltage is divided into three bins: 0 (1.75-1.95V), 1 (1.95-2.15V), and 2 (2.15-2.35V), with a tolerance of 0.1V.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

The datasheet provides several characteristic curves that illustrate device behavior under varying conditions.

4.1 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

The curve shows that luminous intensity is highly dependent on junction temperature. Intensity is normalized to 100% at 25°C. As ambient temperature increases, the intensity decreases. Conversely, at lower temperatures, intensity increases. This thermal quenching effect is typical for semiconductor light sources and must be accounted for in thermal management design, especially in high-temperature environments.

4.2 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This graph depicts the non-linear relationship between current and voltage. The forward voltage increases with current. Designers use this curve to select appropriate current-limiting resistors to achieve desired brightness while staying within the device's electrical limits.

4.3 Spectrum Distribution

The spectral power distribution curve shows a single peak centered around 611 nm, which is characteristic of AlGaInP-based orange LEDs. The narrow bandwidth (approx. 15nm FWHM) indicates good color purity.

4.4 Radiation Pattern

The polar diagram illustrates the spatial distribution of light. The pattern is roughly Lambertian, confirming the wide 120-degree viewing angle. This uniform emission profile is beneficial for light pipe and wide-area illumination applications.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The LED has a compact footprint. The overall package dimensions are 2.0mm in length, 1.25mm in width, and 1.1mm in height. The lens (window) has a diameter of 1.1mm. The anode and cathode pads are clearly defined, with a recommended land pattern provided for PCB design. All unspecified tolerances are ±0.1mm.

5.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is marked by a notch or a chamfer on one corner of the package. Correct polarity orientation is crucial during assembly to ensure proper function.

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

The device is compatible with standard SMT processes. For reflow soldering, a peak temperature of 260°C should not be exceeded for more than 10 seconds. For manual soldering, the iron tip temperature should be limited to 350°C with a contact time of 3 seconds maximum per lead. These limits prevent thermal damage to the plastic package and the internal die and wire bonds.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

The LEDs are supplied on 8mm carrier tape, with 2000 pieces per reel. The reel dimensions are standardized for automated pick-and-place machines. The packaging includes moisture-resistant measures: components are sealed in an aluminum moisture-proof bag with a desiccant and a humidity indicator card to protect against moisture absorption, which can cause \"popcorning\" during reflow.

7.1 Label Explanation

The reel label contains critical information: Part Number (PN), Customer Part Number (CPN), quantity (QTY), lot number (LOT NO), and the specific bin codes for Luminous Intensity (CAT), Dominant Wavelength (HUE), and Forward Voltage (REF). This allows for precise traceability and ensures the correct component grade is used in production.

8. Application Suggestions

8.1 Typical Application Scenarios

• Automotive Interior Lighting: Ideal for backlighting dashboard icons, buttons, and switches due to its reliability across a wide temperature range (-40°C to +85°C).
• Consumer Electronics: Perfect for status indicators on routers, modems, chargers, and audio equipment. The wide viewing angle ensures visibility from various angles.
• Light Pipe Applications: The optimized light coupling from the inter-reflector makes it an excellent choice for guiding light through plastic light pipes to front panels or displays.
• Industrial Control Panels: Suitable for machine status indicators where clear, bright signaling is required.

8.2 Design Considerations

• Current Limiting: Always use a series resistor to limit the forward current. Calculate the resistor value based on the supply voltage (V_CC), the LED's forward voltage (V_F from the chosen bin), and the desired operating current (I_F, not to exceed 25mA continuous).
• Thermal Management: While the power dissipation is low, continuous operation at high ambient temperatures or high currents will reduce light output and potentially shorten lifespan. Ensure adequate PCB copper area or ventilation if necessary.
• ESD Protection: Although rated for 2000V HBM, standard ESD handling precautions should be observed during assembly and handling.
• Optical Design: For light pipe applications, the distance and alignment between the LED and the light pipe entrance are critical for maximizing coupling efficiency.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to simpler LED packages, the 67-21 series offers distinct advantages. The P-LCC-2 package with an inter-reflector provides superior light extraction and a more controlled radiation pattern than basic chip LEDs. The wide 120-degree viewing angle is broader than many side-view or narrow-angle top-view LEDs, offering greater design flexibility. Its compatibility with all major soldering processes and tape-and-reel packaging makes it a production-friendly choice compared to devices requiring special handling.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

10.1 What resistor value should I use with a 5V supply?

Using the maximum forward voltage (V_{F_max} = 2.35V) to ensure sufficient current under all conditions, and targeting a safe operating current of 20mA, the calculation is: R = (V_CC - V_F) / I_F = (5V - 2.35V) / 0.020A = 132.5Ω. A standard 130Ω or 150Ω resistor would be appropriate. Always verify brightness with the actual V_F bin of your components.

10.2 Why does the luminous intensity decrease at high temperature?

This is due to the fundamental physics of semiconductor light emission. As the junction temperature rises, non-radiative recombination processes (which generate heat instead of light) increase, and the efficiency of the radiative recombination process decreases. This phenomenon, known as thermal quenching, is characteristic of all LEDs and is documented in the performance curves.

10.3 Can I drive this LED with a PWM signal for dimming?

Yes, pulse-width modulation (PWM) is an effective method for dimming LEDs. It involves switching the LED on and off at a frequency high enough to be imperceptible to the human eye (typically >100Hz). The perceived brightness is proportional to the duty cycle. This method is preferred over analog current dimming as it maintains consistent color chromaticity across brightness levels.

11. Practical Design and Usage Case

Case: Designing a Status Indicator for a Portable Device
A designer is creating a battery-powered handheld tool. A bright, unambiguous status indicator (e.g., \"power on\" or \"charging\") is needed. The 67-21 series is selected for its low current requirement (extending battery life), wide viewing angle (visible from any handling angle), and small footprint. The designer chooses a drive current of 15mA (below the 20mA test condition) to further conserve power, referencing the I-V and intensity curves to predict the resulting brightness. A light pipe is designed to channel the light from the LED mounted on the main PCB to a small window on the device's rugged casing. The brilliant orange color is chosen for high contrast and clear visibility. The BOM specifies the required bin codes (e.g., HUE: D10, CAT: R1) to ensure color and brightness consistency across all manufactured units.

12. Operating Principle Introduction

Light emission in this LED is based on the principle of electroluminescence in a semiconductor material. The active region is composed of Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP). When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons from the n-type region and holes from the p-type region are injected into the active region. When these charge carriers recombine, they release energy in the form of photons. The specific composition of the AlGaInP alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly corresponds to the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, in the orange spectrum (~611 nm). The colorless clear epoxy resin package acts as a lens, shaping the light output and providing environmental protection.

13. Industry Trends and Developments

The trend in indicator LEDs continues towards higher efficiency, smaller packages, and greater integration. While discrete LEDs like the 67-21 series remain vital for flexibility, there is a growing use of integrated LED modules with built-in drivers and controllers. Furthermore, advancements in materials science may lead to more efficient orange and red emitters with better performance at high temperatures. The demand for reliable, long-life indicators in automotive and industrial applications ensures the relevance of robust, well-characterized components like this series. The emphasis on automated assembly and supply chain traceability (evident in the detailed binning and labeling) reflects broader manufacturing trends.